Image credit: Cheryl Jacobsen - "Red Star"

Magpie's Nest

 

Once there was a magpie's nest;
a turtle dove moved in.

 

His Lordship's bride is on her way -
a hundred carriages to meet her.

 

Once there was a magpie's nest;
a turtle dove stayed there.

 

His Lordship's bride is on her way -
a hundred carriages to greet her.

 

Once there was a magpie's nest;
a turtle dove squeezed in.

 

His Lordship's bride is on her way -
a hundred carriages to fête her.

 

 

Small Stars

 

A sprinkle of small stars
glitters in the east
as I hurry through the night.
In days and nights at the palace
all destinies are not the same.

 

A cluster of small stars
emerges like the Pleiades
as I hurry through the night
clutching quilt and cover.
Truly, my luck does not compare
with hers, who lingers in his bed.

 

 

His Lordship's Companion

 

Here's His Lordship's life companion,
decked out with six-jeweled hairpin.
Such languid elegance;
to match a perfect landscape view
her dress completes the picture.
Surely, few would disagree
that here's a lady of refinement?

 

With flawless gemstones glittering,
she sports a robe adorned with pheasants.
Her dark hair's puffed into clouds,
disdaining false extensions.
There's her jade ear-pendants
and the comb-pin made of ivory.
Her fair complexion's much admired,
as though she'd just stepped down from heaven.
Surely, she must think herself a goddess?

 

The gleam of precious gems
is there for all to see.
She wears the finest linen
boasting fashionable cords and loops.
She's popular with many,
famed for her perfect features;
doubtless she considers it her duty
to style herself the kingdom's leading beauty!

 

 

Beggarweed

 

Gathering the beggarweed
along the meadows of the Mei,
what man is on my mind?
That handsome eldest son of Jiang!
     Make a date in Sanzhong,
     meet me in Shanguan,
     and say goodbye on the banks of the Qi.

 

Gathering the barleycorn
along the north side of the Mei,
what man is on my mind?
That handsome eldest son of Yi!
     Make a date in Sanzhong,
     meet me in Shanguan,
     and say goodbye on the banks of the Qi.

 

Gathering the mustard-plant
along the east side of the Mei,
what man is on my mind?
That handsome eldest son of Yong!
     Make a date in Sanzhong,
     meet me in Shanguan,
     and say goodbye on the banks of the Qi.

 

 

Poles with Banners

 

Lofty poles with yak-tail banners
outside our town of Xun,
with white silk fluttering.
Splendid horses, four in number,
on each a stern and handsome rider.
What tribute can we offer them?

 

Lofty poles with flags of battle
within our town of Xun,
with twisted white silk ribbons.
Splendid horses, five in number,
on each a stern and handsome rider.
What gifts have we to offer them?

 

Lofty poles with feather streamers
inside the city wall of Xun,
with white silk of conquest.
Splendid horses, six in number,
on each a stern and handsome rider.
What words of welcome must we find?

 

 

Kudzu Vine

 

The kudzu vine spreads everywhere
along the waters of the He.
For ever parted from my family
I must call a stranger father,
call a stranger father,
but this one doesn't care for me.

 

The kudzu vine spreads everywhere
along the fringes of the He.
For ever parted from my family
I must call a stranger mother,
call a stranger mother,
but this one doesn't cherish me.

 

The kudzu vine spreads everywhere
along the edges of the He.
For ever parted from my family
I must call these strangers brother,
call these strangers brother;
but they don't even notice me.

 

 

The Rivers Qin and Wei

 

When Qin and Wei
run full and wide
young men and girls together
come to pick sweet-scented herbs.

 

Have you seen the view?
I've already seen it!
Shall we go again?
Beyond the Wei
it's really beautiful!

 

Young men and girls together
trade banter, and enjoy
the gift of nature's medicine.

 

When Qin and Wei
run swift and clear
young men and girls together
have filled their baskets to the brim.

 

Have you seen the view?
I've already seen it!
Shall we go once more?
Beyond the Wei
it's truly beautiful!

 

So these young men and girls together
teasing and laughing,
taste more of nature's medicine.

鵲巢

 

維鵲有巢
維鳩居之
之子于歸
百兩御之

 

維鵲有巢
維鳩方之
之子于歸
百兩將之

 

維鵲有巢
維鳩盈之
之子于歸
百兩成之

(12)

 

 

小星

 

嘒彼小星
三五在東
肅肅宵征
夙夜在公
寔命不同

 

嘒彼小星
維參與昴
肅肅宵征
抱衾與裯
寔命不猶

(21)

 

 

君子偕老

 

君子偕老
副笄六珈
委委佗佗
如山如河
象服是宜
子之不淑
云如之何

 

玼兮玼兮
其之翟也
鬒髮如云
不屑扺也
玉之瑱也
象之揥也
揚且之皙也
胡然而天也
胡然而帝也

 

瑳兮瑳兮
其之展也
蒙彼縐絺
是紲袢也
子之清揚
揚且之顏也
展如之人兮
邦之媛也

(47)

 

 

桑中

 

爰采唐矣
沬之郷矣
云誰之思
美孟姜矣
期我乎桑中
要我乎上宮
送我乎淇之上矣

 

爰采麥矣
沬之北矣
云誰之思
美孟弋矣
期我乎桑中
要我乎上宮
送我乎淇之上矣

 

爰采葑矣
沬之東矣
云誰之思
美孟庸矣
期我乎桑中
要我乎上宮
送我乎淇之上矣

(48)

 

 

干旄

 

孑孑干旄
在浚之郊
素絲紕之
良馬四之
彼姝者子
何以畀之

 

孑孑干旟
在浚之都
素絲組之
良馬五之
彼姝者子
何以予之

 

孑孑干旌
在浚之城
素絲祝之
良馬六之
彼姝者子
何以告之

(53)

 

 

葛藟

 

綿綿葛藟
在河之滸
終遠兄弟
謂他人父
謂他人父
亦莫我顧

 

綿綿葛藟
在河之涘
終遠兄弟
謂他人母
謂他人母
亦莫我有

 

綿綿葛藟
在河之漘
終遠兄弟
謂他人昆
謂他人昆
亦莫我聞

(71)

 

 

溱洧

 

溱與洧
方渙渙兮
士與女
方秉蕑兮
女曰觀乎
士曰既且
且往觀乎
洧之外
洵訏且樂
維士與女
伊其相謔
贈之以勺藥

 

溱與洧
瀏其清矣
士與女
殷其盈兮
女曰觀乎
士曰既且
且往觀乎
洧之外
洵訏且樂
維士與女
伊其將謔
贈之以勺藥

(95)

Translator's Note

This is a selection of seven Airs (風 feng) from the first section of the Book of Odes, the oldest collection of Chinese poetry, dating from about the seventh century BCE. These Airs were gathered from the group of feudal states comprising the Zhou Dynasty and date from a period well before China was unified by the First Emperor. I have attempted to present them in modern colloquial English, translating from the Chinese texts available on line. I hope this selection gives some idea of the variety and splendor of these anonymous poems.

The true nature of the Airs as folk-songs is borne out by the typical verse structure, in which lines are repeated in subsequent stanzas, often with just a few end-rhyming word changed, a structural characteristic of improvisation and repetition. Alternate lines usually rhyme. Each stanza often starts with a xing, a couplet containing some description from nature, intended to set the scene for what follows. The formulaic structure would have made it easy to memorize the words and for an uneducated (but not untalented) performer to extemporise new verses. It is believed that the Airs were intended to be sung, but no music has survived.

A problem for any translator of ancient Chinese is the scarcity of personal pronouns, an absence which often leads to difficulty in identifying the gender of the speaker; the choice made may strongly influence the meaning of the poem and lead to widely varying interpretations.

Rhyme is a consistent feature of the originals, but I have used it only in some translations where it could emerge without unduly distorting the sense of the original. I have observed line breaks in the originals, although to make the English texts more visually interesting I sometimes employ spaces, offsets and italics.

The numbers used to identify the Chinese texts are from the still widely-used Mao classification.

My thanks are due to the editor of Jade Mirror: Women Poets of China, for permission to reprint "Beggarweed."


Michael Farman

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