IN/FIDELITY
ONE SHORT STORY BY MARÍA LAFFITTE
Art by eylül doğanay
Translator’s Note
María Laffitte was a Spanish intellectual writing and publishing on women’s issues during the dictatorship of Francisco Franco, a period when gender roles were policed and women’s opportunities constricted. After reading Laffitte’s short story collection, La flecha y la esponja, I was surprised to find it had received relatively little attention and that it is her only published fictional work. Her nonfiction has received more critical attention, particularly benefitting from the scholarship of historian Begoña Barrera López, who, tracing the evolution of Laffitte’s ideas about women, notes that the author’s interests revolved around “scientific advancements, the sociocultural situation of women, and modern visual art.” I was intrigued by Laffitte’s approach to fiction, which plays with scientific ideas without adhering to the genre expectations of science fiction, and her approach to gender, which is rooted in the practical and the imaginative. Her short stories are experimental enough that they do not appear to be Rather than attempting simply a fictionalized version of the argumentssimply fictionalizing the themes she develops in her prose or making clear-cut arguments for women’s rights, her short stories experiment and play with related ideas and images. The stories don’t feel pedagogical in nature nor as thesis driven as some science fiction can be.
“Arrow and Sponge” particularly interests me for its use of a male narrator. Juana, the woman in the story, is filtered through her husband’s observations, and the story plays on the divide between a “super-civilized” man of science and a mystical woman of nature. He is pure—perhaps misguided—intellect; she is pure metamorphosing body. There is an element of silliness in how he intellectualizes her womanly traits, but he remains a somewhat sympathetic character thanks to the intensity of how he marvels at her, confused, observing her through a faulty scientific lens makes him a somewhat sympathetic character. It was important to me to capture the ironic hue that is cast over the story. Excessively intellectualized scientific images estrange Juana in the narrator’s eyes, but they also introduce beauty and possibility into the daily actions of women, who change their color, shapes, and sizes as they dress and make themselves up.
The narration is heavy with scientific allusions: to hormones, Pavlov, the evolution of species. The stream-of-consciousness narration weaves together the everyday with the scientific and intellectual in a world “of neutrons and of electrons, of keys that don’t work.” And so while the tone and content hint at loftiness, if ironically so, I wanted to make sure the prose remained rooted in its more quotidian moments and that the humor did not get lost in long, winding sentences marked with ellipses and lists. The narrator’s somewhat overwrought tone as he struggles to grasp what he is observing, combined with his lofty turns of phrase, allowed me hew closely to the Spanish word choices and often sentence structure in that are easier to follow in Spanish but can seem stilted in English. In one case, I was able to keep the small connecting phrase “es decir,” which in a different narrative style might feel out of place translated as “that is,” as it fits right in when the narrator is defining his daily activities, rather ostentatiously, as “a reflex, that is, that spontaneous, uncontrolled reaction that emerges as the result of an acquired habit”
The text is sprinkled with observations about gender roles that remain entirely relevant today such as the narrator’s mother “typing up” the textbook her husband wrote. In other moments, Juana changes form in ways that are more fantastic and less accessible to the reader. The narrator moves in a single phrase from Juana’s body to her clothes, as if they were one, marveling at her “perfectly straight teeth” and her “thin, tall high heels” notes that she moves like “a rare, extremely beautiful long-legged bird.” Laffitte’s astute mash-up of scientific and pseudoscientific language with well-worn tropes of women as otherworldly or spiritual, or as objects or animals, offers both critique and, perhaps, a space of possibility for women. Other moments are more fantastic and less accessible to the reader. LaffitteShe shows us how knowledge and imagination of all stripes can shape our understanding of women’s experiences.
—Tess C. Rankin
ONE SHORT STORY
Translated from Spanish by Tess C. Rankin
“Arrow and Sponge”
For some time now, Thursdays, Saturdays, Mondays, Wednesdays, Tuesdays, Fridays, and Sundays have been repeatinged for me—I don’t yet know why—with shocking frequency. Other strange things also happened to me. For example: I was surprised to find myself taking my shoes off and putting my pajamas on, taking my pajamas off and putting my shoes on, on a regular twice-daily basis. Do I not have anything better to do? And so . . . ? It’s incredible the time wasted on this stupid operation! At first, I thought it was an obsessive thoughtidea. Then I saw it was in fact a reflex, that is, that spontaneous, uncontrolled reaction that emerges as the result of an acquired habit and that has all the strength of an instinct. Go ask, if not Pavlov’s dogs or Pavlov himself, those who have read Pavlov, or those who have read those who have read Pavlov.
We live submerged in a magical world of Thursdays, Mondays, Saturdays, Tuesdays, Fridays, Wednesdays, and Sundays; in a world of illusorily immobile matter, of invisible forms, of cells and of atoms, of neutrons and of electrons, of keys that don’t work, of vestiges of primitive feelings, of drawers that stick, of atrophied organs, of disturbing sensations of what we’ve already experienced, of needles, and of lost buttons . . . Old myths flourish in our spirit. Eyes, mouths, hair, ears, noses, the entire repertoire of gestures, misconfigurations, and beautiful features slumbering in our cells for centuries . . . The call to life is arbitrary, entirely subject to chance . . .
In the midst of so many and thoroughlysuch mysterious currents, I had the good luck to meet Juana. I thought our encounter had been providence. Under her influence—because Juana always had a biological influence on me, as strong as a cosmic charge—I momentarily escaped from the process of hominization that was starting to become alarmingly acute in me.
I felt as though I were absorbed by a sponge, and I even experienced the sensation of having regressed several millennia in the evolution of our species.
I come from a family of pure intellectuals. My father and my two grandfathers were university professors with definite vocations in their disciplines. One of my mother’s brothers, who died very young, still managed to leave behind an illustrious name in the field of literature. My own mother is a very intelligent woman, though modest and reserved. She has led an austere life, by my father’s side, typing up his textbooks, which he wrote in scribbles legible only to her. I meanwhile was reading Latin and Greek at the age of six and beating my father’s friends at chess. I heard it said that I was a super-gifted child;, I’d say I was in fact super-civilized.
Therefore, Juana represented to me the optimistic freeing of effort, unconscious insubstantiality, the joy of a life without intellectual or philosophical complications. Used to the custom in my house of only taking an interest in that which cannot be seen, Juana taught me to love that which is visible.
I’m currently studying for my doctorate in natural sciences, and I have been granted a two-year scholarship for for work at an experimental center in Virginia.
I’ve been married for three years and haven’t yet had children. In reality, I don’t feel a desire to pull from our reproductive cells those two half-sets of genes that, together, will make up a batch that could easily be disastrous. Juana, it seems, had a mongoloid little brother and an aunt who became a tree and started to shed leaves all over at the peak of autumn. On my side there is a syphilitic grandfather who, as a result, had glimmers of genius in his intellect, but could well be the source of idiot offspring. Until one can eliminate the defects or select a set of genes to our liking, just as we choose our clothing, fatherhood will be a risky game and one to steer well clear of.
As soon as we got married, Juana started to demand an incredible number of magic vouchers that she immediately redeems for tricks or illusions. Her illusions are always the same: anything that partially or totally changes in its bodily appearance, and she bestows outsize importance on its the mode of appearing.
Juana has a pristine mouth with shining white, perfectly straight teeth, and such thin, tall high heels that I’m surprised to see her move with astonishing agility, as if she were a rare, extremely beautiful long-legged bird. Moreover, her hormones give offemit waves at incredible intensities. One perceives her presence from twenty meters away when other women can only be sensed at two meters off and others only upon touching them.
I don’t think that the moment is far off when it is scientifically discovered that the origin of the force of love is scientifically discovered to beis the reciprocal emission and absorption of magnetic waves.
I am certain that, without knowing it, Juana likes to play at mutation. Otherwise, why does she change her hair color, the color of her cheeks, her lips, and her nails? Why are her eyelids sometimes a delicate shade of blue? Why does she sometimes line her eyes with a terrible dark black stroke that turns them almond-shaped and extends their far corners upward? Why does she sometimes appear as if under a shower of strangely stylized flowers, or polka dots, or stripes? Why wrap herself in animal skins? Why is she some days blue, green, red, pink, or orange? Observing her, I am perplexed. Why does she put strange objects on her head that, I must confess, make me somewhat uneasy? Why broaden or slim down her silhouette by turns, and cover and uncover her throat, back, arms, and legs?
Sometimes I ask myself why she, as feminine as she is, insists on flaunting the showiness of male animals—the male is always the showier in appearance—while I, undoubindubitably the male of the human species, would feel embarrassed to exhibit myself in such conditions. Why have I, meanwhile—and this is what is truly strange—quite spontaneously adopted the insignificant and somber appearance of female animals? What could be the reason that we have swapped roles in the extreme? Everything suggests that originally our species must have acted instinctively in accordance with the zoological norms imposed by nature. The artifice of man originated by following this same path. The earliest adornments, the earliest garments accentuated men’s showy appearances. Later, male and female became equal, and the nineteenth century began the movement in the opposite direction until reaching where we are today.
I sometimes also think that Juana and I belong to different civilizations. She evidently remains part of an old, antiquated civilization, or rather, a series of civilizations sunk in the past. And so she continues to flaunt such markedly archaic traits, while I . . .
Henri Breuil says that “we have just freed ourselves of the last ties that bound us to the Neolithic.” And well, I believe that Juana has remained on that other side, and that something divides us, fatally, daily . . .
That is the truly grave thing and is precisely what worries me . . .
But her mouth is so pristine . . . sSo young, that it keeps pulling me in for a kiss.
“Juana, listen,” I say, having kissed her deliciously, “it’s not me speaking, it’s Teilhard de Chardin: ‘If there were no real internal propensity to unite, even at a prodigiously rudimentary level—indeed in the molecule itself—it would be physically impossible for love to appear higher up, with us, in ‘hominised’ form.’”
As I spoke, Juana changed color. Yes. In such a short time, she went from a vivid red to violet and then, instantly, acquired an intense shade of blue. At the same time, her lips and nails grew pale, and her hair took on ashen tones.
She was more attractive than ever. I pulled myself close to her.
“Juana, please, listen to me, I beg you!”
I took her hands in mine and went on:
“‘Love in all its subtleties is nothing more, and nothing less, than the more or less direct trace marked on the heart of the element by the psychical convergence of the universe upon itself.’”
Juana’s contours underwent a strange eclipse at that moment. Her breasts, the fragile slenderness of her waist disappeared mysteriously.
“Juana, try to understand what I’m telling you, you and I are nothing but anthropoid fetuses that have grown and, without maturing, have acquired the ability to reproduce. It is our very immaturity . . .”
I realized I should cut this short and after a brief pause went on:
“Well, in reality, our grandparents encountered one day, in the midst of nature, the overwhelming task of inventing a new species: man. You and I belong to that species, Juana, and, do you realize that driven by who knows what mysterious energy, we have to carry on with that task they undertook, until we reach our unknown goal?”
Juana turned briefly green before sinking into a magnificent yellow. Her nails took on pearly tones, and her lips went from light red to a delicate shade of pink. . .
She’s getting bored, I thought.
I took a chance and asked her:
“What interests sorts of things interest you, Juana?”
“Laughing, for exampleone.”
“And smiling?”
“Less.”
“And reading?”
“No.”
“Have you ever read a book?”
“Yes, one.”
“What was the title?”
“I don’t remember.”
“Did you finish it?”
“No. How did you know?”
“Who knows . . . Juana, do you know who Julius Caesar was?”
“A bullfighter.”
“And Copernicus?”
“A horse.”
“And Plato?”
“A dog.”
“And Einstein?”
“I’ve never heard that name.”
“And Galileo, and Linnaeus, and Mendel, and Julian Huxley, and Von Braun? What is a galaxy, Juana, what is the atom, the cell, what is Life, Juana, what is Space-Time . . . ?”
Juana’s body was then multicolored. Her nails ever more pearly; her hair ever more pale; her flesh ever more bronze . . .
I realized Juana was only interested in changing color and shape.
I took off my shoes and put my pajamas on.
I lay down alone, without her, in my bed. Hers, Juana’s, was empty next to mine. Our bedroom window open . . .
It was summer.
Why, after a few moments, did I see over Juana’s bed a butterfly, indeed an incredibly beautiful one? Why did the colors of its wings seem to change under the glow of the electric light?
I sagged in sad resignation.
Perhaps it’s better this way, I thought.
Then I started to organize my ideas because I had an intense day of work ahead of me the following day. Next week I have to get the planefly to Virginia.
I prepared to close my eyes, leaving the butterfly a prisoner of my retina. I knew that while I slept it would descend into my heart.
It was then that I heard Juana’s voice crying to me from the very edge of the Neolithic:
“What? You’ve already gone to bed? Are we not going out tonight?”
I haven’t seen her since.
ONE SHORT STORY
By María Laffitte
“La flecha y la esponja”
Desde hace algún tiempo, los jueves, los sábados, los lunes, los miércoles, los martes, los viernes y los domingos se repetían para mí —aún no he logrado saber por qué— con abrumadora frecuencia. También me pasaban otras cosas extrañas. Por ejemplo: me sorprendía a mí mismo quitándome los zapatos y poniéndome el pijama, quitándome el pijama y poniéndome los zapatos de forma regularmente bidiaria. ¿Es que no tengo nada mejor que hacer? ¿Entonces? ¡Es increíble el tiempo que se pierde en esta operación estúpida! Al principio, pensé que se trataba de una idea obsesiva. Luego vi que era nada más y nada menos que un reflejo, es decir, esa reacción espontánea, incontrolada, que surge a consecuencia de un hábito adquirido y que tiene toda la fuerza de un instinto. Que se lo pregunten si no a los perros de Pavlov, o a Pavlov, o a los que han leído a Pavlov, o a los que han leído a los que han leído a Pavlov.
Vivimos sumergidos en un mundo mágico de jueves, lunes, sábados, martes, viernes, miércoles y domingos; en un mundo de materias ilusoriamente inmóviles, de formas invisibles, de células y de átomos, de neutrones y de electrones, de llaves que no funcionan, de vestigios de sentimientos primitivos, de cajones que se atascan, de órganos atrofiados, de inquietantes sensaciones de lo ya vivido, de agujas y de botones perdidos… Viejos mitos afloran en nuestro espíritu. Ojos, bocas, pelos, orejas, narices, repertorio íntegro de gestos, malconformaciones o rasgos bellos duermen en nuestras células un sueño de siglos… La llamada a la vida es arbitraria, sujeta enteramente al azar…
En medio de tantas y tan misteriosas corrientes, tuve la suerte de conocer a Juana. Pensé que nuestro encuentro había sido providencial. Bajo su influencia —porque Juana tuvo siempre sobre mí una influencia biológica tan fuerte como una corriente cósmica—, escapé momentáneamente al proceso de hominización que empezaba a agudizarse en mí de forma alarmante.
Me sentí como absorbido por una esponja y hasta experimenté la sensación de haber retrocedido varios milenios en la evolución de nuestra especie.
Pertenezco a una familia de intelectuales puros. Mi padre y mis dos abuelos fueron profesores de Universidad con vocaciones decididas en el campo de sus disciplinas. Un hermano de mi madre, que murió muy joven, dejó, no obstante, un nombre ilustre en las letras. Mi misma madre es mujer muy inteligente aunque modesta y reservada. Ha llevado una vida austera, al lado de mi padre, escribiéndole a máquina los libros de texto que él escribía con grafismos inteligibles sólo para ellas. Por mi parte, a los seis años, leía el latín y el griego y ganaba a los amigos de mi padre las partidas de ajedrez. Oí decir que fui un niño superdotado, yo diría más bien supercivilizado.
Por eso, Juana representó para mí la optimista liberación del esfuerzo, la inconsciente insustancialidad, la alegría de una vida sin complicaciones intelectuales ni filosóficas. Acostumbrado a que en mi casa no nos interesase más que aquello que no se ve, Juana me enseñó a amar lo visible.
En la actualidad, estoy doctorado en ciencias naturales y me han concedido una beca de dos años para un centro experimental de Virginia.
Llevo tres años casado y aún no he tenido hijos. En realidad, no siento deseos de arrancar a nuestras células reproductoras esos dos medios equipos de genes que, unidos, formarán un lote que fácilmente podría ser funesto. Juana tuvo, según parece, un hermanito mongólico y una tía carnal que se convirtió en árbol y empezó a echar hojas desaforadamente en pleno otoño. Yo, por mi parte, cuento con un abuelo sifilítico que, gracias a serlo, tuvo destellos geniales en su inteligencia, pero que bien podría dar origen a una criatura idiota. Hasta que uno no pueda eliminar las taras o escoger un equipo de genes a la medida de nuestro gusto, como escogemos nuestra indumentaria, la paternidad será un juego arriesgado del que habrá que huir.
Apenas nos casamos, Juana empezó a reclamar de mí una cantidad increíble de bonos mágicos que, inmediatamente, canjea por ilusiones. Las ilusiones de Juana son siempre las mismas: todo lo que cambie parcial o totalmente su apariencia corporal, y concede una importancia desmedida a su modo de aparecer.
Juana tiene una boca fresca de dientes blanquísimas y perfectamente alineados y unos tacones tan finos y tan altos, que me sorprende verla desplazarse con pasmosa agilidad como si fuese una rara y preciosísima ave zancuda. Además, las hormonas de Juana emiten ondas a intensidades increíbles. Uno adivina su presencia a veinte minutos de distancia, cuando a otras mujeres sólo se las siente a dos metros y a otras únicamente al tocarlas.
No creo que esté lejos el momento en que se descubra científicamente que el origen de la fuerza amorosa es la emisión y la absorción recíproca de ondas magnéticas.
Estoy seguro de que, sin saberlo, a Juana le gusta jugar a las mutaciones. ¿Por qué si no cambia el color de su pelo, el de sus mejillas, el de sus labios, el de sus uñas? ¿Por qué sus párpados superiores son a veces de un delicado tono azul? ¿Por qué bordea los ojos en ocasiones con un trazo negro, duro y terrible, que les imprime una forma de almendra y los prolonga por los extremos hacia arriba? ¿Por qué aparece a veces como bajo una lluvia de flores extrañamente estilizadas, o a lunares, o a rayas? ¿Por qué se envuelve en pieles de animales? ¿Por qué unos días es azul, verde, roja, color de rosa o naranja? Observándola, me siento perplejo. ¿Por qué pone sobre su cabeza objetos extraños que, debo confesarlo, me producen cierto malestar? ¿Por qué ensancha o adelgaza alternativamente su silueta y se cubre y descubre la garganta, la espalda, los brazos o las piernas?
A veces me pregunto por qué ella, tan femenina, se empeña en ostentar la vistosidad propia del macho animal —el macho animal es siempre el de las apariencias más vistosas—, mientras que yo, macho indudable de la especie humana, sentiría sonrojo de exhibirme en tales condiciones. ¿Por qué, mientras tanto —y esto es lo verdaderamente extraño—, yo mismo, de forma enteramente espontánea, he adoptado el aspecto insignificante y sombrío de la hembra animal? ¿Cuáles pueden ser las razones de que ella y yo hayamos invertido hasta el extremo de nuestros papeles? Todo hace pensar que, en un principio, nuestra especie debió de obrar instintivamente, de acuerdo con las normas impuestas en zoología por la naturaleza. La artificiosidad del hombre siguió en su origen este mismo camino. Los primeros adornos, los primeros trajes, marcaban todavía la mayor vistosidad del varón. Más tarde, se igualan varón y hembra, y a partir del siglo diecinueve, se inicia el proceso contrario hasta llegar al resultado de hoy.
A veces pienso, también, que Juana y yo pertenecemos a civilizaciones distintas. Evidentemente, ella forma parte todavía de una vieja civilización ya caduca o, mejor dicho, de una serie de civilizaciones hundidas en el pasado. Por eso ostenta todavía trazas marcadísimas de arcaísmos, mientras que yo…
Henri Breuil dice que <<acabamos de soltar las últimas amarras que nos sujetaban al Neolítico>>. Pues bien, yo creo que Juana ha quedado del lado de allá y que algo nos separa, fatalmente, día a día…
Esto es precisamente lo grave, esto es lo que me preocupa…
Pero su boca es tan fresca… Tan joven, que sigue incitándome al beso.
—Juana, escucha— dije después de haberla besado deliciosamente—, no soy yo quien habla, es Teilhard de Chardin: <<Si en un estado prodigiosamente rudimentario, sin duda, pero ya naciente, no hubiese existido ninguna propensión interna a unirse hasta en la molécula, sería físicamente imposible al amor aparecer más allá, en nosotros, en el estado hominizado.>>
Mientras hablaba, Juana cambiaba de color. Sí. En tan breve plazo, pasó del rojo vivo al violeta, y, inmediatamente, adquirió un intenso color azul. Al mismo tiempo, los labios y las uñas empalidecieron y su pelo adquirió tonalidades cenicientas.
Estaba más atrayente que nunca. Me acerqué a ella.
—Juana, por favor, ¡escúchame, te lo suplico!
Cogí sus manos entre las mías y continué:
—<<El amor, en todas sus formas, no es otra cosa, ni nada menos, que el rastro más o menos marcado en el corazón del elemento por la convergencia psíquica sobre sí mismo del universo.>>
Las formas de Juana sufrían en este momento un extraño eclipse. Sus pechos, la frágil estrechez de su cintura, desaparecieron misteriosamente.
—Juana, intenta comprender lo que te digo, tú y yo no somos sino fetos de antropoide que hemos crecido y, sin madurar, hemos adquirido la facultad de reproducirnos. Es precisamente nuestra inmadurez…
Comprendí que debía abreviar y, tras una pausa, continué:
—Bueno, en realidad nuestros abuelos se encontraron un día en medio de la naturaleza con la abrumadora tarea de inventar una nueva especie: el hombre. Tú y yo pertenecemos a esa especie, Juana, y ¿te das cuenta de que, movidos por no sabemos qué misteriosa energía, tenemos que proseguir la tarea emprendida hasta llegar no sabemos a qué meta?
El color de Juana pasaba transitoriamente por el verde hasta caer en un magnífico tono amarillo. Sus uñas cobraron tonalidades nacaradas y los labios pasaron del rojo claro a un delicado tono de rosa.
Pensé: se aburre.
—Me arriesgué a preguntarle:
—¿Qué cosas te interesan, Juana?
—Reír—por ejemplo.
—¿Y sonreír?
—Menos.
—¿Y leer?
—No.
—¿Has leído alguna vez algún libro?
—Sí, uno.
—¿Cómo se titulaba?
—No me acuerdo.
—¿Lo terminaste?
—No. ¿Cómo lo sabes?
—Qué se [sic] yo…
—Juana, ¿sabes quién fué Julio César?
—Un torero.
—¿Y Copérnico?
—Un caballo.
—¿Y Platón?
—Un perro.
—¿Y Eistein [sic]?
—No he oído nunca ese nombre.
—¿Y Galileo, y Linneo, y Mendel, y Julián Huxley, y Von Braun? ¿Qué es una galaxía [sic], Juana, qué es el átomo, y la célula, qué es la Vida Juana, qué es el Espacio-Tiempo…?
El cuerpo de Juana era en estos momentos multicolor. Sus uñas, cada vez más nacaradas; el pelo, cada vez más pálido; las carnes, más bronceadas…
Me di cuenta de que a Juana sólo le interesaba cambiar de color y de forma.
Me quité los zapatos y me puse el pijama.
Me acosté solo, sin ella, en mi cama. La suya, la de Juana, estaba vacía junto a la mía. La ventana de nuestra habitación, abierta…
Era verano.
¿Por qué, después de unos momentos, vi sobre la cama de Juana una mariposa, por cierto bellísima? ¿Por qué los colores de sus alas parecían cambiar bajo el reflejo de la luz eléctrica?
Tuve un gesto de conformidad triste.
Tal vez será mejor así— pensé.
Luego empecé a ordenar mis ideas, porque al día siguiente me aguardaba una jornada de intenso trabajo. La semana que viene tengo que tomar el avión para Virginia.
Me dispuse a cerrar los ojos dejando a la mariposa prisionera de mi retina. Yo sabía que, durante el sueño, bajaría hasta mi corazón.
Fué entonces cuando oí la voz de Juana que me gritaba desde el borde mismo del Neolítico:
—¿Cómo? ¿Te has acostado ya? ¿Es que no salimos esta noche?
No he vuelto a verla desde entonces.
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María Laffitte (1902–1986) was a Spanish author and intellectual. Born into an aristocratic family and prohibited from going to school or university, she was an autodidact. Laffitte wrote mostly nonfiction pieces, including art criticism, biographies, and numerous works on women’s experiences. La guerra secreta de los sexos (The secret war of the sexes, 1948) has been reprinted in four editions since its publication, most recently in 2009. The short story collection La flecha y la esponja (1959) is her only published work of fiction. “Electroamor,” from that volume, was featured in the anthology of science fiction by Spanish women Poshumanas (eds. Teresa López Pellisa and Lola Robles). Laffitte was also the founder of the Seminario de Estudios Sociológicos de la Mujer (Seminar on Women’s Sociological Studies), and the Asociación por los Derechos de las Mujeres María Laffitte (María Laffitte Women’s Rights Association) was founded in 2008 in her honor.
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Tess C. Rankin is a translator and academic editor who received her PhD in Spanish & Portuguese Languages & Literatures from New York University (2018). She volunteers with the Editorial Freelancers Association’s Academic Editing Special Interest Group and with the Academic Editing Circle. She is the translator of two children’s books (authored by Mireya Tabuas and Gerald Espinoza) for Alliteration Publishing and of the book of poetry El futuro de la música (by Edgardo Núñez Caballero, published as a bilingual edition by Ediciones del Flamboyán). Her translations of nonfiction, poetry, and short fiction have appeared in Huck Magazine, jubilat, Precog Magazine, and Barricade: A Journal of Antifascism & Translation. She is the author of Feeling Strangely in Mid-Century Spanish and Latin American Women’s Fiction: Gender and the Scientific Imaginary (Liverpool University Press, 2024).