IN/FIDELITY

ONE POEM BY CHRISTIAN FORMOSO

Art by eylül doğanay

Translator’s Note

Christian Formoso's poetry situates itself on the immediate borderline between life and death, resurgent history and a shattered present: between the urge to simultaneously hide and reveal the self, while recognizing that what's truly inside us thwarts either agenda. In what writer Miguel Eduardo Bórquez calls "the apex of an inaugural post-dictatorial lyrical tradition," his collection bellezamericana represents a generation of writers who came of age during the Chilean dictatorship and continue to unpack its social and political significance.

In this radically playful sequence, a spontaneous theater arises with Death interrogating figures from Chile's most torturous era. Set against the backdrop of Penn Station, Death speaks in the collective—the choir—while various strongmen of the Pinochet era speak through online comments section monologues. Formoso slips between outright commentary and insidious response in order to question: Who is “being true” to history within these selected voices, as they try to sneak past Death along the subway path? Who gets to excuse himself, his hidden motives and comrades? Who has the right to undermine the others’ protestations? And most of all, who has the resonant last word while their opponent stands there nearly naked, with the proverbial rug pulled out from under the contrived fidelity they purport to hold? 

Death, appearing to us through Formoso’s shifting language, at once archaic and rudely blunt, holds both an ancient grudge and ethical judgement: a mirror to both these self-defensive speakers and our own current political world. Where does the truth lie? Who speaks from his heart and at the same time undermines every attempted evasion, to the point of handing a confession to the timeless judge on a platter? How do we not see our own political obfuscations in these poems, where endless contentions of “truth” slide away from our grasp by the minute, even as our language echoes with its own hollow claims? 

We are grateful to have had the guidance of both Christian Formoso himself and scholar Andrea Pac as we undertook this translation. As translators, we walk a similar path, seeking to be as true as we can to the medieval format—the Dance of Death—that Formoso cleverly adopts. We aim for a tone that is both contemporary and archaic, keeping the rhymes and halting meter where we could and breaking away from them as necessary. If one is (as Susan Bernofosky writes in In Translation) always in the dilemma of deciding "how much freedom ... is required ... in order to translate in a way that deserves to be thought of as 'faithful,'" that is particularly so in these dialogues, as the interplay works on at least five levels: maintaining the Castilian antiquity of the Iberian "La Danza de la Muerte" with which Formoso is in conversation; locating parallels in English for the Spanish syntax and the rhyme; and speaking with and for these many personalities, where politics is stained with moral defensiveness. What Formoso has accomplished here is the creation of a modern Chilean verse that shares the stage with fifteenth-century Castilian Spanish, speaking across time and thus compelling us to find an English that equalizes the contemporary and historical while embodying a rhythm, from stanza to stanza, that sets the dance in motion. As in so much of Formoso’s work, translation involves conjuring the stage which the speakers inhabit and their particular Chilean political moment. The medium of this poem is thus part of its message, and we seek to place the reader within those constraints, so they too might stand on either side of Death's mirror.

Terry Hermsen and Sydney Tammarine

One poem

Translated from Spanish by Terry Hermsen and Sydney Tammarine

the choir of commenters from emol.com perform 

the dance of death in penn station

choir

as you walk by in promenade beware

dung of the country whatever your estate;

whatever soul refuses will surely lick his fate

even more in the force that rides within my anger.

you've been warned, if you would not save

yourself with obedience, you’ll lose that tinted

curl, and your voice in penitence

so sing out now, and then shut up.

angelo sommaruga – top commenter

first he is not a murderer but a true soldier

who challenged the communists and their terrorism

as for rules you know it’s clear

that every fight against them requires some suspension

so praise to this agent and all those imprisoned

who served their time for defending chile

allende and those other terrorist minions

could not be allowed to seal the deal

choir

you dare not object, sir saint angelo

that into my dance i’ve sequestered your faith.

it shall never protect you, your empty mantle

and your puffed-up cowardice in your poisoned night.

do not think you can hide in your engorged crusade

and your procured portrait offers nothing now

here you will die with your sins hanging out.

dance now, jimenez, in the dung ye have made!

ricardo jimenez – top commentator 

those damn and aging communists

so fucking useless they've got no clue

hidden cowards who throw stones at you

but are off in a flash if you tighten the screws.

they’re not worth dick these reds of shit.

and that old woman, who told her to do it?

a bomb up her ass, she ran off and wept

a victim of herself like all those on the left

choir

more tyrant than the tyrant king you followed

though in truth no kingdom of his you shared

for justice itself you barely cared

as every one of your words makes clear.

come before me, i am the true monarch

who will snatch you out and all others most high

step into my dance, court monger despised.

after your soul comes campos, the patriarch.

jaime campos – top commenter 

good cops must always act as they do

everyone of course has the right to redress

to gather freely and parade as they choose

but the hate of these dogs is pure cowardice

that old bitch deserved what she got.

the carabineros are the law, they need to crush it out

for these communist dogs respect nothing devout

living only to hate till they whip their cocks off

choir 

sir campos, never did i hate you

to any extent you did not deserve;

to slaughter them all was your custom most cruel,

to escape my decree no soul ever dares. 

here’s what thy silent compliance won thee 

for enjoying the secret injustice you’ve done.

for you set some aside, self servant that ye be.

now come alvaro,      ere i choke on this blood.

alvaro brantes – top commenter 

it’s the same as with that other dog allende

cursed are those who murder for class

and envy, communist hate that seeks to defend

the lazy, the partiers, the filthy of the flats

when it's all been made clear, they get less

than a twit, so communist their soccer teams

aren’t worth shit, they dwell in total darkness

the swollen joke that holds their brains.

choir

it serves naught to speak with those who should stay quiet

dressed up and down in their filth—forget about dogs, arrive

on horseback to your happy dance, not so glum—

with no more noise, i’ll gladly hold my tongue.

but i’ll tell you in truth, when the time comes around

you’ll take on a figure most other disguised:

beauty turned doglike as in those you despised.

come dance now, statesman, with your new crown!

the statesman – top commenter

if it hadn’t been for our brave military

chile would be like cuba or columbia

strewn with tyranny and grimy guerillas

who kidnap and maim without end or mercy.

hundreds, thousands of guns and weapons

stockpiled there in carrizal. my government

had good reason: we were headed the direction

of civil war. that was never just a story we invented.

choir

statesman friend, remove your sham hat,

enter the dance all suave and at your best,

for howsoever to your brothers you act,

the very self-same shall come to you in that.

your dignity yes according to the text,

to be a good chilean, so to prove and attest:

if badly you ruled, so shall you get.

now your turn, pepe dick, you’re making me sick.

 

pepe pepito – top commenter

are we then allowed no more speech and freedom?

don’t forget, the majority of our countrymen

asked in their quarters for this intervention.

it was you marxists who injected your venom

here in my country, by forcing election

of leftist judges and their endless tribunals

seeking revenge upon our good generals

who defeated them with force and with reason.

choir

canonical friend, it was not the way

you thought; proffer me thy hand.

the tribunal delegate who came

into your mind will prove far less grand.

i will slip thee a hint that will see thee through:

turn your argument around with a backwards glance

and there in truth will you find your sentence.

come then, good boris, who stands there aloof.

boris marinkovic - top commenter

of course all that crap about human rights

paid off for those who profited

from it, the muggers, the fags, and those marxists

that’s how they made a living: mere drones who slacked     

at the cost of us who broke our backs.

profiting from pensions that they never earned

none were exonerated, all were dismissed

for their ineptness, laziness, and ignorance

choir

you bore me, boris, you dance better in silence.

and the others too, whatever law or refusal,

i command thee likewise to hail here at once

and enter my dance with no more excuses.

never will i ever make room for exception

nor other forms of libelous declension;

what you did will be written forever in history

what you didn’t, just the same, in this last lesson.

One poem

By Christian Formoso

coro emol en penn station


coro

al paseo al pasar venit precavidos 

en el culo soes de qualquiera estado; 

el que non quisiere, a fuerça de lamidos 

a fuerça ha de venir en vos su enfado. 

el riso que hace poco habéis teñido

y tu voz, los perderéis en penintençia, 

si no os quisiereis salvar con diligençia 

cantad ahora y callad, vais prevenido.


angelo sommaruga — top commenter

primero no es un asesino es un soldado 

que combatió comunismo y terrorismo

como podrás estar interiorizado 

toda lucha contra eso tiene un limbo

gracias a este agente y a otros relegados 

que cumplen pena por defender a chile 

allende y otros terroristas serviles 

no pudieron seguir con lo pactado 

coro

non vos habledes, sennor angelo santo

que de mi dança tengo tu fe ordenada. 

non vos valdrá el cegado manto 

lo que no henchiste en tu noche emponzoñada. 

non va a aprovechar la gorda cruzada 

procurar de retratado sin ver beneficios 

aquí moriredes sin fer más bulliçios. 

¡dançad, jiménez, en tu bosta planeada!

ricardo jiménez —  top commenter

estos añejos comunistas de mierda 

son tan cobardes que no tienen idea 

escondidos cagones tiran piedras 

pero apenas les aprieta aprietan cuéa. 

valen callampa coloraos de mierda.  

y a la vieja quien la manda andar weveando 

una bomba en el culo, anda llorando  

y victimizándose siempre la izquierda

coro

más rey que el tirano, al que siempre apoyastes 

aunque con él ningún reyno vos compartas 

de haber justicia muy poco curastes 

segunt es notorio por vuestra palabra. 

venit para mí, que yo so monarca 

que prenderé a vos, e a otro más alto 

llegad a la dança, cortés, en un salto. 

en pos de vos venga campos, patriarca. 

jaime campos — top commenter

bien carabineros en mi país al actuar 

todos tienen derecho a manifestarse 

a juntarse libremente a celebrar 

pero el odio de estos perros es cobarde 

y nadie obliga a esta galla a protestar.

carabineros es la ley, que arremetan 

porque los perros comunistas no respetan 

viven odiando y nunca dejan de wevear 

coro

sennor campos, yo que nunca le odié 

en alguna parte injusta que non deba; 

de matar a todos costumbre lo he, 

de escapar alguno de mí non se atreva. 

esto vos ganó vuestra forma queda

por gostar de la injusticia devedada. 

poned en recabdo vuestra cruz dorada. 

sígase con vos álvaro, antes que más veva. 

alvaro brantes — top commenter

igual que el otro perro inmundo de allende

maldito el pueblo que asesina por clase 

y envidia, el odio comunista que defiende 

al flojo, al farrero, al sucio que nace 

comunacho, que aunque le expliquen no entiende 

ni una weá, comunista y pa peor 

colocolino, viven en el error

y en la mierda que tienen en la mente.

coro

fablar non conviene al que ha de estar quedo 

y sucio, dexat lo de perro, a caballo 

andad en la dança alegre, muy ledo 

sin fazer ruido, ca yo bien me callo. 

mas verdad vos digo que, al cantar la hora

seredes tornado de otra figura:

colocolina y perra vuestra hermosura. 

¡dançad, estadista, con vuestra corona!  

el estadista — top commenter

de no haber sido por el pronunciamiento 

chile sería igual a cuba o a colombia 

con tiranía o guerrilleros mugrientos 

que secuestran y matan sin misericordia.

cientos, miles de fusiles y armamento

se encontraron en carrizal. cuánta razón 

tenía mi gobierno: chile iba en dirección

de una guerra civil. eso no era cuento. 

coro

estadista amigo, quitad el bonete, 

venit a la dança suave e honesto, 

ca quien en el mundo sus hermanos mete, 

él mesmo le faze venir a todo esto. 

vuestra dignidad, segunt dize el testo, 

es ser muxo chileno, e daredes cuenta: 

si mal las registes, avredes afruenta. 

dançad, pepe pito, hablad indigesto. 

pepe pepito — top commenter

acaso no existe libertad de expresión?

no olviden, la mayoría, los chilenos

pedían en los cuarteles la intervención.

ustedes los marxistas tienen su veneno 

inyectado en mi país, dirigen la elección

de los jueces de izquierda en los tribunales 

que solo buscan venganza en los militares

por haberlos vencido con fuerza y con razón.

coro

canónigo amigo, non es el camino 

ese que pensades; dad acá la mano. 

el tribunal delegado que vino 

en la mente de vos ira más liviano. 

darvos he un consejo que vos será sano: 

tornad vos tu argumento en conciençia 

ca sobre vos çierto es dada sentençia. 

llegad acá, buen boris, que estades ufano. 

boris marinkovic — top commenter

por supuesto que da plata el hueveo 

de derechos humanos cuando cobran 

los marxistas, los colas, los cogoteros 

así se mantienen, zánganos, que roban 

a costa de los que nos partimos el cuero.

lucran con pensiones que no han merecido

no hay exonerados, fueron despedidos 

por flojos, ignorantes e ineptos.

coro

me aburristeis, boris, bailáis mejor callado. 

y a otros de qualquier ley o condiçión, 

les mando que vengan muy toste priado 

a entrar en mi dança sin escusaçion. 

non resçibire jamás exebçión 

nin otro libelo nin declinatoria; 

lo que fizieron quedare en la historia 

lo que no, del mesmo modo, en la lección. 

 

  • Christian Formoso (Punta Arenas, 1971) is a Chilean poet. He is the author of Los coros desterrados, Estaciones cercanas al sueño, Puerto de hambre, El cementerio más hermoso de Chile, bellezamericana, and WWM: Walt Whitman Mall. His poetry has been translated to English, French, German, and Greek and appeared in anthologies in Chile and abroad. Among other distinctions, he was awarded the National Council Prize for the Best Book Published in Chile for El cementerio más hermoso de Chile in 2009 and the Pablo Neruda Prize of the Pablo Neruda Foundation in 2010. He teaches Latin American Literature at Universidad de Magallanes and holds an MFA and a PhD in Hispanic Literature and Languages from Stony Brook University.

    Uroš Bojanović was born in Teslić, Bosnia, in 1991. He has published four collections of poetry. English translations of his poems have been published or are forthcoming in Asymptote Journal and Exchanges. His original poems have been published in Balkan literary magazines like ARS, Kritična masa, Zarez, Tema, Polja, Strane, Poezije, and Fantom slobode. Additionally, his work was included in an anthology of Balkan poets called Soft Tissue. Bojanović lives in Belgrade, Serbia.

  • Terry Hermsen is Professor Emeritus at Otterbein University and has published five collections of his own work (36 Spokes, Child Aloft in Ohio Theatre, The River’s Daughter, A House for Last Year’s Summer, and Tiny Songs). He holds an MFA in Poetry from Goddard College and a PhD from Ohio State in Art Education. He taught in the Writers in the Schools program for the Ohio Arts Council from 1979–2003, visiting schools, prisons, senior centers, and national parks. He was Ohio Poet of the Year in 2009 and has traveled four times to Chile, conducting poetry residencies at four bilingual schools. 

    Sydney Tammarine’s work has appeared in Ploughshares, Kenyon Review, and other journals. Her essays were selected as Notable in The Best American Essays 2021 and 2024. She holds an MFA in Creative Writing from Hollins University and is Assistant Professor of English, Creative Writing at Davis & Elkins College. 

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