HASAN, SON OF HUSEIN

ĆAMIL SIJARIĆ TRANSLATED FROM BOSNIAN BY SAMANTHA FARMER

  • Poznavao sam Hasana, sina Huseinova. Kad sam jednog dana ušao u han Kolobaru, pokazali su mi ga rukom i rekli da ga pozdravim, da mu kažem koju ljubaznu riječ i odam poštovanje kako najljepše umijem jer on to voli, a zatim da prođem i sjednem na sećiju odakle, ako hoću, mogu kroz prozor da gledam svijet na čaršiji kako kupuje i prodaje, a imam priliku i Hasana da gledam i poslije da pričam kako sam i ja u Sarajevu, u hanu Kolobara, vidio Hasana, sina Huseinova.

     

    Nisam umio da ga pozdravim onako kako se od mene tražilo, okrenuo sam se ka nekakvom čovjeku za kojeg su mi rekli da je Hasan, povio se malo u struku, nešto rekao ili ništa, i otišao na sećiju. Nisam dao sebi pravo da ga sa sećije gledam, kad ga nisam ljudski pozdravio; ja koji sam sada prvi put čuo za toga Hasana, i prvi put ga vidio, nisam ni znao zbog čega da ga drukčije pozdravljam nego što obično pozdravljam ljude, i ono moje povijanje u struku, i ono što sam tome čovjeku u prolazu rekao, bilo je po nagovoru mojih prijatelja, pa je – zbog toga, i ispalo neuljudno: tako da od sebe nisam ništa dao, a od srca baš nimalo, a ni šta tražio od toga Hasana – ni toliko da na moj pozdrav odgovori. Moji prijatelji su mi zamjerili, a ja im odgovorio da žalim – ali da drukčiji pozdrav nisam ni dužan čovjeku kojeg ne poznajem, a i ne treba mi da se sa njim upoznajem; u han sam došao da čaj popijem i da kroz prozor gledam čaršiju. Rekli su mi da je to tačno, da nas je sviju čaj ovamo doveo – ali da je, za moju sreću, u sobi Hasan, sin Huseinov i da treba da se bar dobro nagledam kad već ne mogu i da ga čujem.

     

    Šta je to trebalo da čujem od toga Hasana ja nisam znao, a nisam ni pitao moje prijatelje, i uzeo sam da mirno – gledajući kroz prozor čaršiju, popijem čaj. Može biti da su moji prijatelji pomislili da su me uzalud doveli u han zbog Hasana, kad me jedan takav čovjek ne zanima nego čaršija; vidio sam da im je žao što sam takav, što nisam kao oni – koji u han dolaze da bi vidjeli, i ako ih sreća posluži i čuli Hasana, sina Huseinova.

     

    Popio sam čaj, spustio praznu čašu na tablju, i sad odjednom, stao da gledam po hanskoj sobi. Na sećijama, pokrivenim ovčijim i srnećim kožama, sjedjelo je i ćutalo nekoliko trgovaca, reklo bi se iz drugih mjesta, koji su u hanu i noćili, i sad čaj pili. Prešao sam preko njih nemarno očima, i išao do kraja sećije, gotovo do vrata – do Hasana. Pitao sam se u sebi zašto su dali da taj Hasan sin Huseinov sjedi do vrata kad su mi rekli da je on jedan pametan čovjek, najpametniji u cijeloj čaršiji. Nisu me time uzbudili, a ni uvjerili da je onaj čovjek što sjedi do vrata najpametniji u čaršiji – nisam ga gledao zbog njegove pameti, nego zbog toga što su ga i moji prijatelji gledali, a jedan rekao još i to: da je Hasanu, sinu Huseinovu, milo kad ga ljudi gledaju.

     

    Nisam mogao dalje, upitao sam zašto bečimo u onoga čovjeka. Odgovorili su mi da ja ne moram da ga gledam, da je Hasan, kad se gleda, kao i svaki drugi čovjek, ali nije kad se sluša…

     

    – A šta bih čuo, kad bih ga slušao? – upitao sam.

     

    Tim pitanjem iznenadio sam moje prijatelje. Jedan mi se primakao uz uho, pa će, kao da sam kakvo dijete, polako i razgovijetno:

     

    – Čuj… ovoga Hasana pozvao je jedan čovjek na večeru: njega i još puno svojih prijatelja. I htio dobro da ih ugosti; bio je bogat taj domaćin. Ženama je rekao nek nije jela koje se na sofru neće iznijeti. I žene stale da kuhaju jela, sve jedno bolje od drugoga. Slana jela, i slatka, i napitke. Toliko tepsija, toliko činija, Bog zna koliko. A Hasan, sin Huseinov, dok se večera pripremala, pričao priče… Pričao im je toliko čudne priče, i toliko lijepim glasom da su svi ljudi umuknuli. Nisu disali. Nisu više znali ni gdje su. Bili su tamo gdje ih je odveo Hasan svojom pričom… Bili su u sasvim drugom vremenu, u davnom vremenu; ovo svoje su zaboravili, i sebe su zaboravili. Nisu jedan drugoga vidjeli, nisu ni Hasana vidjeli, do samo mu glas čuli – a i taj glas kao da je dolazio iz nekog čovjeka koji je živio nekad davno i sve vidio i znao – znao šta su ljudi radili prije dvjesta i koliko god hoćeš unazad godina, i kakvi su bili ti stari ljudi. I evo šta se desilo one noći kod onog domaćina kad su žene spremale večeru a Hasan dotle pričao priče: htjele su i one, bar nešto, da čuju od onoga što Hasan priča – unijele bi sud sa jelom u sobu i stale, i kako bi tu stale tako bi i ostale slušajući priču. Jedna tako, druga tako, i treća tako. I više ni one nisu bile tu, nego tamo gdje ih je, svojom pričom, odveo Hasan. Vratio ih je u zoru pijetao, kad je zapjevao. Sjetile su se tada svojih jela koje su sinoć pripremale za večeru, ali je bilo sve kasno – jer ono što je ostalo na ognjištima, izgorjelo je; mogle su, jadnice, samo da kukaju. Zato Hasana neće da slušaju oni koji ikakva posla imaju, propadne im posao slušajući ga. Neki, ovdje u hanu, ne zaspu noću – i sjutradan ne žive u ovom vremenu nego u nekom davno prošlom, i ne liče na sebe, ne poznaju ljude koje su poznavali nego neke koji su davno živjeli, i cio dan sa njima žive. Izgledaju kao da su pijani, ili budale, ili hoće da su mnogo pametni. Neki su bili tužni, ako je priča bila tužna – i bilo im žao što su se rodili kad je svijet takav… Ne umijem ti o njemu pričati, o Hasanu, sinu Huseinovu, nego dođi uveče u han kad on priča, da ga čuješ.

     

    Pošto mi je sve to rekao u uho, polako i razgovijetno kao kakvom djetetu, moj prijatelj se odbio od mene; nije čekao da mu na to išta odgovorim, ili da ga pitam, a imao sam i da mu odgovorim i da ga pitam. Popili smo još po jedan čaj, ćutali koji trenutak a zatim sam ja počeo:

     

    – Priča li istinite priče ili izmišljene onaj Hasan?

     

    Moj prijatelj mi se okrenuo, gledao me preko prazne čaše u ruci, veli mi:

     

    – To se ne zna; to se nikad ne može znati – kad bi neko Hasana to upitao, uvrijedio bi ga i on bi, istoga časa, prekinuo priču. A to bi bila velika šteta i ljudi bi se na onoga što pita naljutili, platili bi mu čaj i pokazali vrata, nek ide. Kad ste me pitali, a srećom niste njega – i nemojte da vam se to omakne s jezika, ja ću vam odgovoriti: ono što bi, u njegovoj priči, moglo biti istina, učini vam se da je izmišljeno, a ono što je izmišljeno, učini vam se da je istina, i vi nikada niste ni ovamo… ni onamo… nego u rukama Hasanovim koji vas ljulja i tamo i ovamo kao da ste u kolijevci. Kad hoće da se nasmijete, vi se nasmijete; kad hoće da vas prepadne, vi se prepadnete, a kad uzme da priča mudru priču, vama se učini, da oko sebe vidite sve nekakve starce s bijelim bradama do pojasa, među kojima ste samo vi bez pameti.

     

    Oslikao mi ga je tako kao da se radi ne o Hasanu pričalici, nego o Hasanu čarobnjaku. Gledao sam ga tamo na kraju sećije, gotovo do vrata, usamljenog; učinilo mi se da taj čovjek ništa u životu nije postigao, a ni želio da što postigne, do da tako sjedi po hanovima i da, ako neko hoće da ga sluša, priča svoje priče. Bio je srednjih godina, lijepa, mrka, izdužena lica nad koje se nadnosila mala, od bijela prediva ispletena kapa sa kićankom od svih mogućih boja presječenom do same kape, tako da je ličila na još dobro nerazvijen šareni cvijet. Crne, krupne oči, bile su mu pune vlage, nadstrešene dugim trepavicama i gustim vjeđama – i ona mu vlaga, kad zatrepće očima, odsijavala nekim čudnim, bolnim sjajem. U ogrtaču sa jakom od žute lisičije kože sjedio je kao kad zvjerka čuči u kakvom jesenjem grmenu punom krupna, čađava lišća, pred opadanje. Ni na koga iz čaršije nije ličio: ni na trgovca, ni na zanatliju, ni na hodžu, nego bio jedan od onih dokonih ljudi koji se, svuda u svijetu, po ovako velikim hanovima, povijaju, sjede do vrata da ne smetaju, ćute, pogledaju ponekog ili nikog i ništa ne gledaju jer su dovoljni sami sebi. Kuće obično nemaju, a i ako imaju zamijenili su je za han gdje im je zimi ugodno jer je toplo, a ljeti je hladovina. Usamljenici su, i srećni su što sa svoga mjesta, tamo negdje kod vrata, mogu da gledaju ljude, i slušaju šta zbore. Nisu sirotinja, ne ištu – ne gledaju u tuđ čaj; kad bi para imali koliko ih nemaju, oni bi svima u hanu platili čaj – nego su tako… nekakav sastavni dio hana, ni njegova sreća ni nesreća…

     

    Takve su mi misli, o tim ljudima, prolazile kroz glavu dok sam gledao Hasana, sina Huseinova. Doznao sam da mu je otac Husein bio učen i ugledan čovjek; prezivao se Akovalija – po Akovu na Limu iz kojeg mu je, uz nekakve nemire, došao djed. Doveo je sa sobom braću, i više nekim zabranjenim poslovima nego poštenim radom braća i njihovi sinovi zaimali – svi, sem Huseina, oca Hasanova; on se dao na knjigu, na posao koji paru ne donosi, i sa ženom i dvojicom Hasana, od kojih mu je jedan bio sin a drugi posinak, živio siromašno. Dvojica Hasana – stariji dovodak i posinak i mladi sin, slagali su se kao dva rođena brata, ali ništa nisu radili, ni paru imali. Onaj što je bio rođeni sin Huseinov – kojeg su, da ga razlikuju od onog drugog Hasana, zvali Hasan, sin Huseinov, išao je sa ocem po mahalama i naslušao se njegovih mudrih priča iz knjiga i onih koje je sam izmišljao. Tada se Hasan, sin Huseinov, i sam naučio da izmišlja priče, da istinite – iz knjiga Huseinovih, pretvara u lažne a lažne u istinite i stvara nekakve treće, svoje priče…

     

    Po smrti Huseinovoj Hasan se pročuo sa svojim pričama, boljim od očevih, ljepšim glasom i ljepše ispričanim – i vještinom da se prilagodi trenutku, mjestu, i raspoloženju slušalaca – tako da se nije moglo dogoditi da veselim ljudima priča tužne priče ili neveselim vesele. Pošto se napričao po mahalama, gdje su ga i hranili zato što ih zabavlja, Hasan se, polako, spustio na čaršiju – tamo gdje su hanovi, i u njima se, najprije u manjim, zadržao jedno vrijeme, a zatim ušao i u najveći – u han Kolobaru. Tu su bili drukčiji putnici od onih po malim hanovima, i bolji handžija – neki Arif Tabak, koji mu je za stalno dao ono mjesto na kraju sećije do vrata, i hranio ga. Zauzimao je to mjesto do vrata rano izjutra – kad soba stane da se puni svijeta, i napuštao ga kasno u noć, kad se soba isprazni.

     

    Prvi put sam čuo njegovu priču kad sam, jedne večeri, ne znajući kud ću, otišao u han. Sjedio je na onom svom stalnom mjestu, na sećiji do vrata. Iznad glave mu je, obješen o klin, gorio fenjer; osvjetljavao mu je onu čudnu kapu od bijela prediva sa kićankom na vrhu nalik na šaren cvijet, lice mu je bilo u sjenci – ono njegovo mrko, izduženo lice, i meni se učinilo sitno, kao u djeteta. Pribijeni uz njega – toliko da je jedva disao, slušali su ga ljudi: neki su sjedili skrštenih nogu, neko na koljenima, neki čučali. I sam sam čučao, jer nisam imao gdje sjesti, i slušao ga; mogao sam da uhvatim tek ponešto iz njegove priče – onoliko koliko je bilo dovoljno da me primami, ali ne i cijelu da čujem. Okretao sam se ljudima oko sebe da mi kažu šta je rekao, ali odgovor nisam dobijao – jer nisu imali kad da se sa mnom zabavljaju; izgledalo je kao da Hasan tamo nešto dijeli, pa bi ostali bez dijela.

     

    Poslije sam dolazio ranije i zauzimao bolje mjesto, ali nikad ono najbolje – jer bilo je hitrijih od mene, i uvijek mi je ostajalo da čučim ili da sjedim na koljenima. Mogao sam, sa tog boljeg mjesta, da dobro čujem Hasana i da ga dobro vidim: bio je tu – blizu, i u isto vrijeme daleko, i iz te daljine, pred naše oči, izvodio nekakav nepostojeći svijet sa svim što ljudi mogu da imaju, da steknu, da izgube, da stradaju ili dobijaju u bitkama, da se žene, da hode po svijetu, da umiru – da se ne zna šta je u tome svemu bilo istina a šta Hasan izmislio.

     

    Pričao je bez reda šta mu na um padne ili šta mu je lakše da izmisli; kad izmišlja bio je sporiji, zastajkivao je, ćutao sve dotle dok čaj ne popije, a kad mu ne ide ni uz čaj, uzimao je gotovu priču, da ne čekamo. Te gotove priče bile su o starom Sarajevu – onakvom kakvo je nekad davno bilo, i kakvi su u njemu bili ljudi, sokaci i kuće; bile su kuće okrenute drukčije: prozori su im gledali na vrtove i bašče a stražnja strana na sokak, i sve što se iz njih prolijevalo, oticalo je niz sokak. Djeci se govorilo da paze kad neko dolje sokakom prolazi, da ga ne pokvase…, a kad se to ipak desi – čovjeku se iznese ibrik sa vodom da se opere, a dijete se izbije.

     

    Volio je da mijenja slike starog Sarajeva, volio da ga ruši i iznova gradi. Palio ga je vatrom. Plavio vodom. Harao bolestima. Pljačkao hajducima. Zažmurio bi kad bi ga, uz neki požar, zavio u dim da se u njemu ništa nije vidjelo – ni čovjek čovjeka, ni kuća kuću, do plamen i dim. Poslije bi ga, gotovo cijelog, iznova načinio i uvijek ljepšim. Nije dao da to novo Sarajevo dugo traje, i ako ništa drugo a on bi ga iskaljao blatom toliko da je u njega bilo gadno pogledati – a zatim ga očistio, okrečio i pokrio zelenilom voćnjaka. Ali ni toj novoj slici starog Sarajeva nije dao mira – i, iz vedra neba šinuo bi grom u neku od minara i prelomio je; nije govorio da je to zbog krive kletve trgovaca na čaršiji, nego da grom bije u visoko. Kažnjavao je krivce zatvorom, trgovcima koji su krivo mjerili probijao ekserom uši i prikivao ih za direk nasred čaršije da ih svak vidi. Teže krivce davio je noću u gradskoj tvrđavi; za svako zadavljeno grlo ispaljivao je po jedan top; nek se zna da se na tvrđavi davi i da za svakim, jedne noći, može da pukne top. Treće je slao u Aziju, u progonstvo – u Karakazan, odakle se nisu vraćali. Nije žalio za njima, a ni veselio se njihovoj nesreći, do polako, kao da je tu bio i sve to vidio, ispredao priče o ljudskim sudbinama, nepoznatim i nepredvidljivim, svakom čovjeku još prije rođenja na čelu ispisanim, ali uzalud to pismo na čelu nosi kad ne može da ga pročita.

     

    Ispadalo je da je za čovjeka najveća nepravda što cio vijek nosi jedno pismo, a nije mu dato da zna šta tu piše; s te strane on je rob nekakvom pisaru koji mu je ispisao sudbinu i pismo zapečatio. Neće moći da po svojoj volji upravlja svojim radnjama; one su mu određene onim pismom. Zato Hasan, sin Huseinov, nije krivce krivio, a ni divio se dobrim ljudskim djelima, jer ni dobro ni zlo nije od njih zavisilo nego od onoga što im je na čelu zapisano. A ne može se ni pročitati, ni dopisati, ni – ako ne valja, izbrisati. Ni na to se Hasan nije ljutio; pričao je mirno i ravno, i – ne iz njegovih riječi nego iz njegove mirnoće ispadalo je da je najbolje tako kako je čovjeku unaprijed određeno. A ono što je ipak dobro da čovjek pokuša da uradi, jeste da se na vrijeme oženi, da ima svoj dućan i da živi kao ostali ljudi u čaršiji. Neka gleda kako Miljacka teče, kako u proljeće lista drveće, i kako u jesen opada list; sve drugo će mu biti suvišno i glava će ga od toga boljeti.

     

    Ponekad bih u sebi rekao da neću ići u han da slušam Hasana, ali i onda kad nisam odlazio, činilo mi se da ga čujem kao da sam u hanu. Stao sam najzad da se pitam: šta je to što me privezalo za Hasana, trebaju li mi njegove priče i šta imam od njih, ako išta imam? Znao sam da bi mi on odgovorio da nemam ništa drugo, do da ih i sam nekome ispričam, da je na ovome svijetu najvažnije da imamo jedan drugom nešto da ispričamo. Kad bi mrtvi mogli da se kajemo što živi nismo učinili, to bi bilo što nismo pričali… Hasan bi mi rekao da odem na groblje i vidim koliko se tamo ćuti…! Zato nek se ne gubi vrijeme dok je čovjek ovamo… Nije važno je li ono što se priča istina – da pouči, ili izmišljeno – da zabavi, nego da se pričajući i slušajući dva puta živi.

     

    Može biti da bi mi tako nešto odgovorio Hasan, da me čuo kad sam se pitao šta imam od toga što idem u han i slušam Hasana.

     

    Došla je kasna kaljava jesen sa kišama i ja sam, uz te kiše, otišao iz Sarajeva; ne znam koliko je sa mnom otišlo Hasanovih priča – tek on jeste: ostala je u meni njegova slika kako, sa onom kićankom na kapi nalik na nerascvjetan cvijet, sjedi na onom posljednjem mjestu na sećiji do vrata, da ne smeta. Nisam mogao da zamislim to mjesto bez njega, njegovu glavu bez cvijeta na kapi i fenjera gore nad njim, obješena o klin. Ljudi će ulaziti u han, prolaziće pokraj njega i sjedati na sećije, a on će – na onom mjestu do vrata gdje ne smeta, gledati preda se i ni na čiji čaj neće dići oči da kaže da bi i on popio čaj. Neće ličiti na trgovca, ni na zanatliju – nego na čovjeka iz nekakvog davnog vremena i dalekog kraja koji se, nekim čudom, obreo tu u hanu.

     

    Tri godine, provedene izvan Sarajeva, sa drugim ljudima i u drukčijim prilikama, bile su dovoljno dugo vrijeme da na mnogo štošta zaboravim, pa i na Hasana, sina Huseinova; njega sam se još najduže sjećao, ne po pričama nego po sudbini njegovoj da vječito sjedi na jednom te istom mjestu – onom na kraju sećije, do vrata. Ali – vrijeme je prolazilo, i Hasan iz mene odlazio – i najzad bio samo jedan čovjek od mnogih kojih sam se sjećao ili, zbog zaborava, jedva i mogao da ih se sjetim. Znam da sam pokušavao da neke njegove priče prepričam mojim prijateljima da ih zadivim, ali – niti sam umio niti moje prijatelje zadivio, i manuo se posla koji nije za mene. Vidio sam tada da treba sjesti na nekakvo posljednje mjesto, do nekakvih vrata, kao što je on sjedio, i odatle pričati priče; da treba biti pod onom kapom sa kićankom i onim fenjerom iznad glave – da treba biti nekakav Hasan, sin Huseinov. Bila je ta moja nevještina da prepričam njegove priče još jedan razlog da ga zaboravim; gotovo da sam njega, a ne sebe, krivio što ne umijem da pričam.

     

    Nisu brzo, ali ipak su prošle tri godine, i ja sam opet pred očima imao han Kolobaru i čaršiju – i Sarajevo. Bilo je sve to kao i prije, ali ja sam bio drukčiji: nije me više mamila svjetina na čaršiji, nisam ulazio u han Kolobaru, nisam sem ponekad, šetao uz Miljacku i niz Miljacku ispod drveća; izlazio sam na bregove ispod Trebevića i na groblje na Alifakovcu. Najčešće sam, pred veče, sjedio u samom groblju, oslonjen leđima uz nišan – jer tu je, medu nišanima, trava bila najgušća i tišina najdublja… Nisam se osjećao da sjedim u groblju – što, može biti, ne valja pred veče, jer ono kao da i nije bilo to što jeste: jedno groblje, nego jednostavno produžetak susjedne mahale u koju se i samo produžavalo – i razlika je bila u tome što je naselje živih bilo bučno a naselje mrtvih tiho; umorno tiho… U njega se nije moglo dozvati, niti išta iz njega čuti, do gušter u travi… Mrtvi uveče kao da su padali u još dublji san, od onoga kojim spavaju… – Gore nad njima ostajali su njihovi kamenovi, i oni, reklo bi se, sanjivi… Naveli su se na sve četiri strane, a neki i po zemlji pali – već prema tome koliko se koji, od duga stajanja, umorio…

     

    Čitao sam natpise na njima: imena i godine kad su umrli – i molitve Bogu da im na krilima anđela primi dušu, da ih pripusti u rajske bašče gdje kroz cvijeće protiču vječno hladne vode i na drveću pjevaju, glasom umilnim, rajske ptice. Na jednom kamenu – iznenadivši se, pročitao sam poznato ime: Hasan, sin Huseinov. Dugo sam stajao kod tog kamena. Kod tog imena. Ono mjesto u hanu na kraju sećije, do vrata, gdje neće smetati, ostalo je iza Hasana prazno; on je i ovdje dobio mjesto na kraju… – na samom kraju groblja, do granja, »gdje neće smetati…«. Kamen Hasanov bio je mali, i na njemu mali natpis: nekoliko riječi iz molitve, a zatim da je Hasan, sin Huseinov, za života uveseljavao ljude svojim veselim pričama a mudrim ih poučavao i neka mu je za to mir duši.

     

    Njegove priče sad je krio njegov kamen… bio mu je na kraju groblja, do granja; i mrtav – Hasan, sin Huseinov bio je na kraju…

  • by Samantha Farmer

     

    “Hasan, Son of Husein,” which Miroslav Krleža called “one of the best things we [Yugoslavs] have written,” adopts a measured pace, but there are many references and resonances bubbling under the surface. In Hasan, one sees glimmers of Scheherazade, Ottoman meddah performers, or Jesus of Nazareth, as well as of ascetic mendicants and fakirs. Hasan’s family comes from Akova, a former Turkish name for Sijarić’s hometown of Bijelo Polje, whence also hailed Avdo Međedović, an oral poet and gusle player whose virtuosic performances were recorded in 1935 by Albert Lord and Milman Perry. The “third kind” of story that Hasan composes by interweaving truth and fiction frequently returns to the history of Sarajevo as a framing narrative. Even the period of unrest from 1747-1757, allegedly due to harsh treatment of the poor, is obliquely mentioned; in 1757 the Morić brothers and supporters were strangled in the Bijela Tabija (“White Fortress”), a cannon fired to make the consequences of revolt clear. The resulting stories are a chronicle of Sarajevo’s commoners who, in light of this cannon’s loud reminders, might at least enjoy life’s pleasures.

     

    “Hasan, Son of Husein” can also be read as a critique of the market. At first, the narrator only goes to the Kolobara Han—erected in 1462 as a center of trade for the new city—to drink tea and observe the business of the čaršija. He is bothered by the uselessness of a man like Hasan, and reluctant to show affection when it is not clear such treatment is warranted. Conversely, Hasan is ignorant of productivity and hierarchy. His stories render merchants into zombies and stall the elaborately prepared dinner of his wealthy host, subverting the gendered division of the domestic space by drawing women out of the kitchen. Moreover, the narrator’s contact with Hasan is a transformative experience by which he becomes similarly solitary and uninterested in “buying and selling”: he first regards Hasan contemptuously, then yearns to sit closer to him, but this physical closeness is foreclosed by Hasan’s death. The narrator can only summon a version of Hasan by telling this story about him, and thereby becoming even more like him.

     

    Several words in the source text have been retained in my translation. These are loanwords of Arabic, Persian, or Turkish origin culturally and linguistically associated with the Ottoman period that, in the Serbo-Croatian, are marked as Bosnian and thus add semantic texture: sećija (low-set sofa), han (inn or caravanserai), sofra (a table set for dining), čaršija (market or bazaar). Sijarić’s idiosyncratic use of punctuation—particularly of em dashes—has also been preserved. Considering his own documented skill in live storytelling, one wonders if such punctuation lends the text to being read aloud; the reader is encouraged to find out for themselves. My thanks go to Olana Sijarić, Ališer Sijarić, and Faruk Dizdarević for their assistance with rights, Sibelan Forrester for comments on an early draft, and Sabrina Jaszi, Mirgul Kali, and Ena Selimović for contributions to the final version.

     

     

     

    Ćamil Sijarić was a Yugoslav writer of prose and poetry born in 1913 near the town of Bijelo Polje in the Sandžak region, a historically Ottoman province that today lies at the intersection of Bosnia, Serbia, Montenegro, Kosovo, and Albania. His 1956 debut novel Bihorci won the Narodna Prosvjeta award for best Yugoslav novel and his 1976 novel Carska vojska (Imperial Army) was a finalist for the NIN Award. Like his contemporaries Ivo Andrić and Meša Selimović, Sijarić’s works are often set in the Ottoman era, while the prevalence of folklore and a uniquely Balkan hauntology evokes the poetry of Mak Dizdar and Vasko Popa. In 1989, he died in a traffic accident in Sarajevo. Only his story “Neither a Church nor a Mosque” has been translated into English (by Amila Buturović in 1996).

     

    Samantha Farmer is a translator of Serbo-Croatian based in Michigan, where they are a doctoral student of Slavic Languages & Literatures researching postsocialist queer literature and comparative proletarian fiction. Their translations can be found in TROIKAAsymptoteZenithism (1921–1927): A Yugoslav Avant-Garde Anthology, and Exchanges: Journal of Literary Translation.

     

I knew Hasan, son of Husein. When I entered the Kolobara Han one day, they pointed him out and told me to greet him, to say a kind word or two and pay my respects as best as I could, because that pleased him, and then make my way to sit on the sećija from where, if I wanted, I’d observe people through the window overlooking all the buying and selling in the čaršija—and I would have the opportunity to see Hasan, too, and afterwards to tell of how I, in Sarajevo, in the Kolobara Han, had seen Hasan, son of Husein.

          I did not manage to greet him in the manner instructed, I turned toward some man who I’d been told was Hasan, bent a little at the waist, said something or nothing, and went to the sećija. I didn’t permit myself to watch him from the sećija when I had not properly greeted him—I, who had just heard of this Hasan, and seen him for the first time, did not know why I should greet him differently than others, and my bending at the waist and what I had said to the man in passing was at the urging of my friends and—as a result, it came off as impolite. So I gave nothing of myself, nothing heartfelt at all, and I sought nothing from this Hasan—not even that he reply to my greeting. My friends reproached me, and I replied that I was sorry—but I did not owe a special greeting to a man I didn’t know and whose acquaintance I felt no need to make. I had come to the han to have tea and watch the čaršija through the window. They told me that I was correct, that tea had brought all of us here—but, lucky for me, Hasan, son of Husein, was in the room and I should at least get a good look at him, since I was unable to hear him speak.

          What it was that I should hear from this Hasan I didn’t know and didn’t ask my friends, and I calmly proceeded—gazing at the čaršija through the window—to have my tea. Perhaps my friends thought that they had brought me to the han in vain since I had no interest in such a man, but only in the čaršija; I could tell they were sorry I was this way, that I was not like them, who went to the han to see—and if their luck held, hear—Hasan, son of Husein. 

          I finished my tea, placed the empty cup on the salver, and stopped to look around the room. On the sećije, which were covered in sheep and deer skins, sat several merchants, presumably from elsewhere, who’d spent the night in the han and were now silently drinking tea. I cast my eyes over them indifferently and looked to the end of the sećija, almost to the door—at Hasan. I wondered why they had this son of Husein sit by the door since they’d told me he was a smart man, the smartest in the entire čaršija. Their words didn’t move me, and I doubted that the man seated by the door was the smartest in the čaršija—I did not watch him because he was smart, but because my friends watched him, and one had even said: it pleases Hasan, son of Husein, when people watch him. 

          I couldn’t take it anymore—I asked why we were staring at the man. They replied that there was no need to look at him, that Hasan, when regarded, was like any other man, but when he was listened to…

          “And what would I hear, if I listened to him?” I asked. 

          This question surprised my friends. One leaned close to my ear, as if I were a child, and then said, slowly and clearly: “Listen… one man invited this Hasan to dinner, Hasan along with many of his own friends. And the man wanted to give them a generous welcome; he was a wealthy man, this host. He told the women to bring every kind of food out to the sofra. And the women began to cook, every meal better than the last. Savory dishes, and desserts, and drinks. So many pans, so many bowls, God knows how many. And while dinner was being prepared, Hasan, son of Husein, told stories... He told so many strange stories, and in such a beautiful voice, that all the people fell silent. They didn’t breathe. They didn’t even know where they were anymore. They were wherever Hasan had taken them with his story... They were in a completely different time, one long ago; they’d forgotten their own time, and themselves, too. They didn’t see each other, they didn’t even see Hasan, they only heard his voice—and that voice seemed to come from a man who had lived long ago, and seen everything, and knew—he knew what people had done two hundred years ago, and however many years back you wanted to go, and what those ancient people were like. And here’s what happened on the night when the women were preparing dinner and Hasan was telling stories: Even the women wanted to hear what Hasan was saying, at least some of it—they would bring a platter of food into the room and they’d stand there, and keep standing, listening to the story. One woman, then another, then a third, just like that. And even they were no longer there, but where Hasan had taken them with his story. The rooster brought them back at dawn when he began to crow. The women then remembered the meals they had been preparing the night before, but it was too late—what had been left over the hearths had burnt; poor creatures, they could only groan. So anyone with a task at hand avoids listening to Hasan, if they don’t want their work ruined listening to him. Some, here in the han, stay up listening all night—and the next day they aren’t living in this time but in a past long ago, they don’t resemble themselves, they don’t know the same people they once knew but ones who lived long ago, and they spend the entire day with them. They look drunk, or crazy, or like they know it all. Some are sad, if the story is sad—and sorry to be born into its world … I can’t do justice to him, Hasan, son of Husein—come this evening to the han when he is speaking, to hear him for yourself.”

          As soon as he said all this into my ear, slowly and clearly as if to a child, my friend drew back from me; he did not wait for me to say, or ask, anything in response, though I had things to say and to ask. We had more tea, sat in silence for a moment, and then I began:

          “This Hasan… Are his stories true or imagined?”

          My friend turned to me, looked at me over the empty glass in his hand, and said: “No one knows; no one will ever know—if somebody were to ask Hasan, he would be insulted and, right then and there, end the story. It would be a terrible shame, and people would be furious at the person who’d asked, they would pay for his tea and show him the door, send him off. Since you’ve asked me, and luckily not him—and don’t let it slip from your tongue—I’ll answer you: in his stories, what could be true seems imagined, and what is imagined seems true, and you’re neither here… nor there… but in Hasan’s hands, which rock you to and fro like a cradle. When he wants you to laugh, you laugh; when he wants to startle you, you’re startled; and when he starts telling a parable, elders seem to appear all around you with white beards to their waists, and among them you alone are simpleminded.”

          The way he described him transformed Hasan the talker into Hasan the sorcerer. I looked over at Hasan, alone at the end of the sećija, almost at the door; it seemed to me that he had done nothing in life, nor did he want to do anything, except sit around in all the hans and, if anyone would listen, tell his stories. He was middle-aged with a dark, handsome, elongated face, in a small knitted cap of white yarn with a kaleidoscopic tassel that fanned out over the cap and resembled a colorful flower bud. His large, black eyes were watery, shaded by long lashes and thick lids—and these watery eyes, when he blinked, shone with a strange, pained luster. In a robe of yellow fox fur, he sat like a beast crouched in large and soot-covered autumn leaves just about to fall. He didn’t resemble any of the čaršija regulars: neither a merchant, nor craftsman, nor hodja. He was one of those idle people who, everywhere in the world, in all the great hans like this one, sit hunched by the door so as not to be a nuisance, keep quiet, glance over at somebody or at nobody and nothing, because they themselves are enough. They usually have no home, and if they do they prefer the han, which lends warmth in winter and shade in summer. They are recluses, and happy that from their place, somewhere by the door, they can watch people, and listen to what they have to say. They are not beggars—they do not look at another man’s tea; had they as much money as they lack, they would buy tea for everyone in the han—but they are… an essential part of the han, neither its luck nor its misfortune.

          These are the thoughts that crossed my mind while I watched Hasan, son of Husein. I found out that his father Husein was a learned and respectable man; his family name was Akovalija, after Akova on the Lim River, from where, in the wake of some unrest, his grandfather had fled. He brought his brothers with him, and the brothers and their sons were more prone to disreputable work than to honest labor—all except for Husein, father of Hasan. Husein devoted himself to books, to a job that brought no money, and, with his wife and two Hasans, one of whom was his son and the other his adopted son, lived meagerly. The two Hasans—the older adopted one and the younger one—got along like true brothers, but neither worked, nor made money. Husein’s son by birth—whom they called Hasan, son of Husein, to distinguish him from the other Hasan—accompanied his father around the mahalas and heard nearly all of the parables his father knew from books, and the stories he had imagined. Then, Hasan, son of Husein, was taught to make up his own stories, to transform the true stories from Husein’s books into false ones, and false stories into true ones, and to create some third kind of story all his own…

          Upon Husein’s death, Hasan went out into the world with his stories—better than his father’s, told in a more beautiful voice and even more beautifully recited—and with the skill to judge the moment, place, and mood of his listeners, so that he never seemed to tell sad stories to happy people or happy stories to sad people. Since he had told his share of stories around the hillside mahalas, where people also fed him because he entertained them, Hasan slowly made his way down toward the čaršija—where the hans were and where he would stay for some time, first in smaller hans, and then in the largest, the Kolobara Han. There, one came across different travelers than in the small hans, and a better proprietor—one Arif Tabak, who gave him a permanent place at the end of the sećija by the door, and who fed him. He occupied that spot by the door from early morning, when the room began to fill, until late at night, when the room emptied out. 

          I first heard a story of his one evening when, not knowing where to go, I went to the han. He was sitting in his regular place, on the sećija by the door. Above his head, a lantern on a peg illuminated that strange white cap of his, with its tassel like a colorful flower. His face in shadow—that dark, elongated face—appeared delicate as a child’s. Clinging to him—so close he could barely breathe—were his listeners: some cross-legged, some on their knees, and some crouched. I, too, crouched, because there was no place to sit, and I listened to him; I was able to catch only snippets of his story, enough to entice me. I asked the people around me what he had said, but received no answer—they couldn’t be bothered with me; it was as though Hasan was handing something out, and they feared being left without their piece of it. 

          After that, I arrived earlier and got a better spot, but never the best, because others were quicker, and so I was always left to crouch or sit on my knees. From where I was, I could see and hear Hasan well: he was close and yet far, and before our eyes, he built a kind of imagined world with everything humankind could ever possess, achieve, lose, struggle for, be wed to, travel, die for—there was no knowing what was true in all that, and what Hasan had fabricated.

          He said whatever occurred to him or whatever he could think up. When he was inventing a story he spoke more slowly, paused, sat quietly sipping his tea, and when even tea didn’t help, he would begin a story he’d told before, so as not to make us wait. These stories were about old Sarajevo—the way it once was, its people, streets, and houses. The houses were oriented differently back then: their front windows overlooked gardens and yards and their rear windows faced the street; everything poured from those windows drained into the street. Children were warned to watch for people passing below, and not to splash them... and when it happened anyway, an ibrik of water was carried down so the passersby could clean themselves, and the children were beaten.

          He loved to reimagine old Sarajevo, loved to destroy it and build it anew. He lit it on fire. Flooded it with water. Ravaged it with plague. Plundered it with bandits. He would close his eyes when, to accompany some blaze, he enveloped the city in so much smoke that nothing could be seen through it—neither one man another, nor one house another, only flames and smoke. Afterwards, he would rebuild the entire city all over again, always more beautiful than before. He wouldn’t let this new Sarajevo last long, and at the very least he would mire it with so much mud that it was hideous to behold—and then he would clean it, paint it, and cover it in the lush green of orchards. But even this new image of old Sarajevo he would not leave in peace—and blue skies would give way to lightning that struck a minaret and cracked it; he wouldn’t say that it was a curse on the merchants in the čaršija, only that lightning strikes high. He punished the guilty with prison, he drove spikes through the ears of merchants who tampered with their scales, and nailed them to posts in the middle of the čaršija for all to see. At night he garroted more serious offenders in the city fortress; for every execution, he fired a cannon to announce that in the fortress someone was being hanged, and that for each offender, a night would come when the cannon was fired. Others he exiled to Asia, to Karakazan, from whence they never returned. He did not grieve for them, nor did he take pleasure in their misfortune, but slowly, as if he’d been there and seen it all, he spun tales of human fate, unknown and unpredictable, written on the brows of men, even before they are born, inscriptions they carried in vain, unable to read them.

          It seemed that the greatest injustice for a man was that he carry a single inscription his entire life, without knowing what is written there. He is a slave to the scribe who has written his fate and sealed it. He will not be able to control his actions by his own free will; they are determined by the inscription. So Hasan, son of Husein, did not blame the guilty, nor was he impressed by good deeds, because neither good nor evil depended on people, but on what was recorded on their brows. And it could not be read, nor amended, nor—if it was bad—erased. Even that didn’t frustrate Hasan, who spoke calmly and directly, and he communicated—not through his words but through his demeanor—that what was predetermined for a person was best. But what was truly good for a man is that he endeavor to marry at the right time, to have his own shop, and to live like other people in the čaršija. Let him watch how the Miljacka flows, how in spring the trees bloom, and how in autumn the leaves fall; everything else is superfluous and will only make his head ache. 

          Sometimes, I would tell myself that I would not go to the han to listen to Hasan, but even when I didn’t go it was as if I could hear him, as if I were there. I finally began to wonder: What was it that bound me to Hasan? Did I need his stories? And what, if anything, was I getting from them? I knew that he would reply that there was nothing to gain the chance to retell them, that what is most important in this world is having something to tell one another. If the dead could regret what they had not done in life, it would be not telling stories… Hasan would tell me to go to the graveyard and see how quiet it was there! So, may time not be wasted while a man is still living… It’s of no importance whether the story is true—meant to teach—or imagined—to entertain—but that by being narrated and listened to it lives twice. 

          It’s possible that Hasan would have answered me in such a way, that he had heard me wondering what good it was to go to the han and listen to Hasan. 

          The late, muddy autumn arrived with rain and then I, along with the rain, left Sarajevo. I don’t know how many of Hasan’s stories came with me, but he certainly did. His visage remained with me: how, with that tassel on his hat resembling an unbloomed flower, he sits in the last place on the sećija by the door, to not be a nuisance. I couldn’t imagine that place without him, or his head with a flowerless cap and the lantern above him, hung on a peg. People will enter the han, make their way past him, sit on the sećija, and he—in his place by the door where he bothers no one—will look straight ahead and not glance at anyone else’s tea to say that he, too, would like some. He will not resemble a merchant or a craftsman, but a man from some far-off land in a time long ago who had, by some miracle, found himself in this han. 

          Three years spent outside of Sarajevo, with different people and in different circumstances, was a sufficiently long time for me to forget many things, even Hasan, son of Husein. Still I remembered him the longest, not for his stories but for being destined to sit in that very same place at the end of the sećija, by the door. But—time passed, and Hasan left me at last, and in the end, he was just one man out of many whom I sometimes recalled, if I could remember him at all. I know that I tried to recite some of his stories to my friends to impress them, but I neither could nor did impress them and abandoned the vocation, which was clearly not for me. I saw then that you needed to sit in some kind of lowly place, by some door, as he did, and tell stories. You needed to be under that cap with that tassel, that lantern above your head; you needed to be that Hasan, son of Husein. My lack of skill in telling his stories was one more reason to forget him. I almost blamed him, and not myself, for my inability to tell stories. 

          Three years went by—though not quickly—and I again beheld the Kolobara Han and the čaršija. And Sarajevo. Everything was as before, but I was different: the crowds in the čaršija no longer attracted me, I only entered the Kolobara Han occasionally, I walked under the trees along the banks of the Miljacka, I went out to the hills below Trebević and to the graveyard in Alifakovac. Most often, in the early evening, I would sit in the graveyard, with my back against a tombstone—because there, among the tombstones, the grass was thickest and the silence deepest... I didn’t feel like I was sitting in a graveyard, perhaps ill-advised before evening, when it appeared to be something other than it was: not a graveyard but simply an extension of the neighboring mahala which it blended with—and the only difference was that the settlement of the living was noisy and the settlement of the dead quiet, wearily quiet… There, no one could be reached, nor could anything be heard from within, except a lizard in the grass. In the evening the dead seemed to fall into an even deeper slumber than the one in which they already rested. Their stones remained above them, and they, too, it seemed, were sleepy. They spread out in every direction; some had even fallen to the ground, depending on how tired they’d grown from standing so long.

          I read the inscriptions: names and years—and prayers to God to carry souls on the wings of angels, to admit them into the heavenly gardens where eternally cool waters flow past flowers and heavenly birds sing sweetly in the trees. On one stone—to my utter surprise, I read a familiar name: Hasan, son of Husein. I stood by that stone for a long time. By that name. The place in the han at the end of the sećija, by the door, where he wouldn’t be a nuisance, was left empty after Hasan departed; here, too, he had been allotted a place at the end…. the very edge of the graveyard, by the trees, “where he wouldn’t be a nuisance.” Hasan’s stone was small, with a brief inscription: a few words from a prayer, and a reminder that in life Hasan, son of Husein, entertained people with his joyful tales and instructed them with his parables, and for that may peace be upon him.

          His stories were now concealed by his stone, at the edge of the graveyard, by the trees, where even in death—Hasan, son of Husein, was last.